Modeling as Negotiating examines the role of computer models in public policy. It is based on four detailed case studies of computer-based modeling in American local governments.

This research finds that computer models have an important influence on public policy making and shape policy outcomes. This influence stems from a process of 'consensus modeling.'

The concept of consensus modeling captures an observation running through each case study, which was the degree models help conflicting groups define reality for their members through interaction and communication -- a process of consensual validation. It is the process of interaction itself and the social definition of reality which results from this interaction that persuade participants in the modeling process more than it is the provision of objective, scientific information. In this sense, Modeling as Negotiating reinforces a stream of work on the social definition of reality and, more particularly, the social construction of technology.